What is Angina pectoris ? । Angina Pectoris
Angina pectoris is a term used for Chest Pain caused by reduce blood flow of the heart muscles.
It is the symptoms of coronary artery disease, and is typically described as squeezing, pressure, heaviness, tightness,or pain in chest.
Angina is experienced during the physical stress and relieved after rest, but in severe condition, it may be observed on minimum physical work or a rest.
Generally , it is an indication of coronary artery disease. It is very strong sign that someone at is High risk of cardiac arrest, heart, attack, and sudden cardiac death.
Types of Angina Pectoris
Angina is characterised into three different types based on the condition:
1: Stable/ Chronic Angina : This occurs when the heart is working harden than it works in normal condition; e.g. during exercise.
2. Unstable Angna:
.unstable angina is a serious chest pain that can happen anytime, not just during physical activity. It's a sign of poor blood flow to the heart and needs urgent medical help as it could lead to a heart attack.
3. Variant/ Prinzmetal 's Angina and Microvascular Angina: this is rare type of angina which occur at the rest can be relieved by medicine. In this types, any underlying coronary artery disease does not gat involved. The maina cause is abnormal narrowing or relaxation of blood vessels which reduce blood flow to the heart.
Causes of Angina Pectoris
Coronary artery disease are the most common cause of angina pectoris rather than spasm that may be due to ,diabetes, elevated cholesterol ,high blood pressure, and smoking( increase the chance of a arteriosclerosis )
The other reason which increase the oxygen demand and result in angina are:
1. Exercise, stress, and thyrotoxicosis: increase the cardiac output is required.
2. Aortic stenosis: Increase cardiac output is needed to maintain an adequate output.
3.Hypertendion: Peripheral vascular resistance is Increased
Sign and symptoms of angina pectoris
Angina pectoris is experienced with heaviness, pressure, squeezing tightening and pain across the chest( particular behind the breast bone) . The pain radiates to the back, neck ,back , jaw, and even the teeth.
Patient may be also suffer from symptoms like.
- Weakness
- Cramping
- Sweating
- Shortness of breath
- Heartburn
- Indigestion
- Nausea
Diagnosis of angina
A person suffering from chest pain should be properly diagnosed because the possibility of the heart attack can be predicted from it. Therefore, physical examination, discussion of symptoms risks factors and family medical history is essential.
If the patient is suspected of angina, the physician suggest him to undergo either one or more of the teste mentioned below;
1. Electrocardiogram: ( ECG); The electrical activity of the heart is recorded with this test which also detect the condition when heart is lacking oxygen.
2. Stress Test; This test include blood pressure measurement and an ECG while increasing the patient 's physical activities.
3. Chest Xray; This test allow visualisation the structure within the chest.
4. Coronary angiography: the dye and specially x-ray are used to view the coronary artery from within.
Treatment of angina pectoris
Angina should be treated for reduce pain, preventing symptoms ,and preventing or lowering possibility of heart attack. the types of angina are the severely the of symptoms also demand medication ,change in life style, and other necessary medical process as categorised below;
1 Non Pharmacological approach: It includes change life style.
- Quit smoking
- Controlling weight
- Regular check up of cholesterol levels
- Rest and slow down
- Avoiding heavy meals
- Avoiding strees efficiency and
- Additionally fruits, vegetables, whole grain,
- low fat or not fat dairy products and lean meat and fish in diet.
2. Pharmacological approach: for angina management many defferent types of drug are available which include.
Some medicine
- Nitrates
- Bita blocker
- Calcium channel blockers and calcium antagonist
- Antiplatelet Drugs
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