What is Ulcertive Colitis?
A Chronic condition in which the large intestine Bcomes inflamed is termed ulcerative colitis. This disease is a form of IBD and somewhat similar to crohn's disease.
The nutrients from undigested food are removed from the colon are large intestine, and they removed the waste product by faeces . In ulcerative colitis the colon bcomes inflamed and ulcers the develop on the lining of colons in sever cases. These ulcers bleed and produce pus and mucus.
Types of ulcerative colitis
Depending on the location
1.Ulcerative proctitis: This types is the Mildest form of ulcerative colitis. In this type the rectum Becomes inflamed and rectal bleeding is the only sign.
2. Proctosigmoidit : In this types the rectum and sigmoid colon Bcomes inflamed bloody, diarrhoea, abdominal cramp, and tensesmus are common sign.
3.Left-side colitis : In this types rectum sigmoid and descending colon Bcomes inflamed bloody,diarrhea, abdominal pain cramps ,on the left side and weight loss are the common signs.
4.Pancolitis: In this types entire the colon becomes inflamed. fits of bloody diarrhoea abdominal cramp, fatigue and significant weight loss are the common sign.
5.Acute sever ulcerative colitis:; In this rare types of ulcerative collides the entire becomes inflamed sever pain profuse diarrhoea ,bleeding ,fever, and inability to eat are the common signs.
Causes of ulcerative colitis:
The exact cause of ulcerative colitis is still not clear. Earlier diet and stress were assumed to be the major causative factor but at the present time it is believed that these factor can be only worsen ulcerative colitis.
Immune system malfunction can be a possible cause to ulcerative colitis. In this condition when the immune system tries to fight against and invading virus and bacteria and abdominal immune response develop under the effect of which the immune system started attacking the cell of GIT.
Ulcerative colitis occurs commonly in individuals having family members with the disease, the heredity is also assumed to play a role in it. however the most of the ulcerative collides patients do not have this family history.
Sign and symptoms of ulcerative colitis.
The very first symptoms is diarrhoea which either being slowly or suddenly. the effective area of colon and inflammation decides to level of symptoms.
- Pain in abdominal
- Fatigue
- Anaemia
- Dehydration
- Fever
- Tensesmus
- Appetite and weight lose
- Bloody diarrhoea with mucus
Complication
There are various complication may be the develop in the following are:
- Severe bleeding
- Perforated colon
- Severe dehydration
- Liver disease
- Osteoporosis
- Inflammation of skin, joints, and eyes
- An increase the risk of colon cancer
- Toxic megacolon.
- Increase risk of blood clot in veins and arteries
Diagnosis of ulcerative colitis
The diagnosis of ulcerative colitis confirmed by the following test;
1.Blood test: These test check for anaemia or sign of other infection.
2.Stool Sample: the sample of stool collected from the patient are checked the for the presence of WBC. Other disorder like (bacteria, viral and parasitic ,infection ) can also be determined by this taste.
3.Colonoscopy: In this exams ,the entire colon is viewed using a thin, flexible, lighted tube, with attached camera . During the colonoscopy ,the doctor also collect a small tissue sample ( biopsy) for the confirming the diagnosis.
4.Flexible Sigmoidoscopy: In this exams a slender, flexible, light tube is used the for examining rectum and sigmoid.
5.X-ray: In case of severe symptoms a standard x-ray of abdominal area is performed to check for serious complication ( such as a performed colon) .
6.CT scan : A computer tomography scan of the abdominal areas is done if the doctor suspect a complication from ulcerative colitis. The amount of inflammation in colon can be observed through a CT scan.
7.MRE, magnetic resonance
enterography: These non- invasive test are performed to check for inflammation in the small intestine.
Treatment of ulcerative colitis.
Ulcertive colitis can be treated by including the following in the patient diet.
- High fiber, and high calorie and high protein diet.
- Oral nutritional supplement
- multivitamin supplement
- Total parenteral nutrition as the disease progressive.
Some madecine are recommended
- Anti-diarrhoea agent
- Antispasmodics
- Anti-cholinergic agent
- Amino salicylic
- Glucocorticoid ( to suppress information)
- Immune modulator
- Biologic agent
- Analgesic
- Antibiotics
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