Alcoholic liver Disease, cause, stage, sign and symptoms, diagnosis or prevent, and treatment

 Alcoholic liver disease what is alcohol liver disease?

Alcohol liver disease is the common liver disease, A group of structural and functional change in the liver result in from the excessive alcohol consumption is termed alcoholic liver disease . The severity and progressive rate of liver injury disease depend on the amount of the alcohol consumed  and duration of excessive drinking.

Alcoholic liver disease is divided into three stage.

1. Alcoholic fatty liver ; it is a initial and mildest form consumption of a small amount of alcohol ( more than one alcoholic drink 14 grams of alcohol per day for women )and( two alcoholic drink 28 gram of alcohol per day for men).

In liver, fat trigglyride is deposition by increase  lepogenesis, decrease fatty acid oxidation , fat metabolism by  heptocytes,metabolism of lipid from adipose tissue or consumption of daitary fat. Fatty liver is asymmetrical and reversible.

 2. Alcoholic hepatitis: it is the second stage of alcoholic liver disease excessive alcohol consumption increase fatty acid in hepatocyte as well as other  degenerative  changes resulting in the liver cell necrosis. the most significant features of the of several alcoholic liver injury indicating that the liver cell have been damages in accumulation of mallory bodies or alcoholic hyline within the cytoplasm of liver cell. neutrophilic leukocyte also deposit due to the liver cell and the injury is followed by progressive fibrous scarring throughout the liver.

3. Alcoholic cirrhosis : it is the third and most advantage stage of alcoholic liver injury. the characteristic feature are diffuse scarring of the liver which obstructs liver function and also reduce blood flow through the liver.

How to causes of alcoholic liver Disease .

• The primary causes of alcoholic liver disease is prolonger heavy drinking resulting in scarrning and cirrhosis of liver tissue.
• Alcoholic liver Disease does not occur in every Heavy drinker . 
• The chance of getting disease depend on how long to individual have been drinking.
• The diseases occurs more commonly in some families. women are comparatively more affected than the men.

Sign and symptoms of achoholic liver disease 

Symptoms occurring in early stage are: 

1. Fatigue and
2.  loss of energy
3.  appetite
4.  weight loss
5.  nausea vomiting
6.  pain in abdominal and 
7. small red colored spider like blood vessels  on skin.

Symptoms occurring in the advance stage

1. Oedema and  ascite
2.  jaundice 
3. redness of on palms of hands 
4. impotence,  shrinking of testicles and enlarged breasts in men,
5.  bruising and bleeding easily
6.  confusion are difficulty in thinking
7. Pale or clay coloured stool.

Defferent BW alcoholic fatty liver and non alcoholic fatty liver 

Diagnosis of achoholic liver disease.

• A physical examination is performed by physician to look for.

1. An enlarged liver or spleen
2. Excessive breast tissue
3. Swollen abdomen
4. Redness of palms
5. Red spider like blood vessels on the skin
6. Small testicles
7. Widened veins in the abdomen wall
8. Jaundice

Diagnostic test

1. Complete blood count CBC
2.  Liver biopsy 
3. Liver function test 
4. Conjugation studies

Following test are conducted to check for the presence of other disease

• CT scan and ultrasound of the abdominal and 
• Blood test for other causes of liver disease

Plan of treatment

The following precautions should be taken by the patient

1.  Less consumption  alcohol 
2. Eating a healthy diet with low salt content and 
3. Vaccination for influenza hepatitis A and B and  pneumococcal pneumonia .

Following medication are prescribed by doctors

1. Diuretics to get rid to fluid buil up
2. Vitamin k or blood produce to prevent abnormal bleeding 
3. Medicine for mental  
4. Confusion and antibiotic to prevent infection.

Liver transplanting is required if cirrhosis progressive to the final stage