What is hypertension ?
Hypertension
Hypertension or High Blood pressure, BP is a common condition in which the long term force of the blood against artery walls is high enough that it may be eventually cause sever health complication mainly related to heart disease.
A Condition in which the blood pressure of the systemic increase beyond the normal pressure is known as hypertension. Therefore, to deliver Blood to tissue, the heart works harder to overcome the increase systemic pressure. This increase systemic arterial pressure puts stain on the heart' and other arteries that result in High Blood pressure.
Types of Hypertension
Hypertension depending on cause, hypertension is the following two types:
1.Primary Hypertension:: This is the most common types of hypertension. About 90-95% cases of hypertension recognised as the cases of essential hypertension. There is no exact medical condition that can be explained the raised blood pressure: It is the result of complex multi - factorials disorder.
2. Secondary Hypertension: In this condition ,the high blood pressure result due to other disease, e.g, tumors (adrenal adenoma or pheochromocytoma ), renal, endocrine and cardiac disorder, etc
Causes of Hypertension
Hypertension is wide spread and a cards due to problem in anyone system or multiple system of the body such as;
1. Renal: Hypertension may be due to following renal disorder:
i.) Acute glomerulonephritis,
ii. ) Chronic renal disease,
iii.) Polycystic disease,
iv) Renal artery stenosis,
v) Renal vasculitis and,
vi) Renin producing tumour .
2. Endocrine: hypertension may be due to the following endocrine disorder :
i) Adrenocortical hyperfunction
ii) Exogenous hormones
iii) Pheochromocytoma
vi) Acromegaly
v) Hypothyroidism ( myxoedema)
vi) Hypothyroidism ( thyrotoxicosis)
3. Cardiovascular: hypertension may be due to the following cardiovascular disorder:
i) Coarctation polyarteritis
ii) Increase intravascular volume
iii) Increase cardiac output and
vi) Rigidity of aorta.
4. Neurological conditions: hypertension may be due to the following neurological disorder:
i) Psychogenic
ii) Increase intracranial pressure
iii) Sleep apnoea
iv) Acute stress, including surgery.
How to increase hypertension?
Hypertension is starting multifactorial and very complex . Kidney are involved as the target organ of the hypertensive process, and the the disease involves interaction of multiple organ system and numerous mechanism of independent or interaction pathway.
Sign & symptom of Hypertension
Symptoms of hypertension are:
- Chest pain
- Confusion
- Ear noise or buzzing (tinnitus)
- Irregular heartbeat( arrhythmia)
- Nosebleed (epitaxis)
- Exhaustions ( lathargy ) and
- Visions blur
Diagnosis of hypertension:
Sphygmomanometer is used for the measurement of atrial blood pressure, in which Mercury column is used to reflect the circulating pressure in millimetres of mercury (mmhg ) . Mercury is not used in aneroid and electronic devices. The normal blood pressure ( in mmHg) range is:
i.) Baby ( one year) 95/65 mmHg
ii.) 6-9year ( 100/65) mmHg
iii ) adults ( 120/80) mmHg
Different stage of hypertension have different range of BP.
Pre hypertension: 120-140mmHg systolic or 80-90mmHg diastolic.
Stage I Hypertension: 140-159mmHgSystolic or 90-99mmHg diastolic
Stager II Hypertension : _>160mmHg systolic or>100mmHg diastolic.
Treatment of hypertension
Treatment of hypertensive involved the following:
1 Non pharmacological approach: It mainly involves lifestyle change that include:
1. Daitary change: low sodium and And salt, and high in potassium is recommended.
2. Exercise: Daliy based on physical activities ( like aerobics, cardio, etc)
3. Stress Management: avoiding and eliminating stress.
2. Pharmacological approach
When change is diet and lifestyle are not enough to manage elevate BP ,various available medication are used:
- Diuretic
- alpha - blockers
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