Iron deficiency anaemia, cause, sign and symptoms, diagnosis and treatment

 What is anaemia ?.

Iron deficiency anaemia IDA is a common in a people anemia indicates a condition in which adequate amount of healthy RBC caring oxygen to body tissue are absent in blood.

Iron deficiency anemia occur due to lack of iron. Insufficiency of iron hinders the production of hemoglobin.hence, the iron deficiency anaemia patient show symptoms like tiredness and breathlessness.

Women of reproductive age and older are more prone of iron deficiency anaemia. Chronic blood loss through gastrointestinal bleeding and menorrhagia is the expected region behind iron deficiency anaemia IDA.

Causes of anaemia.

Iron deficiency anaemia occurs due to

Blood loss: since iron is present in RBC blood automatically decrease iron content. Oh man suffering from menorrhagia are at high risk. IDA can also result due to gradual and prolonger blood loss.(e.g. from peptic ulcer, a hiatal hernia, a colon polyp or colorectal cancer ). Regular use to OTC pain reliever like aspirin cause gastrointestinal believing.

LACK OF IRON IN  DIET;  body receive iron from the food. Iron consumption later result in iron deficiency condition in the body.

Foot source of iron meat, eggs, leafy green vegetable, and iron fortified food.

Inability to absorb iron: Dietary iron is absorbed through small intestine to reach the blood circulation and an intestinal disorder for example disease reduced the everything of intestinal to absorb nutrition from digestive food thus developing IDA. A part of small intestine if by passed or removed surgical also affect its capacity to absorb iron and other nutrient.

Pregnancy: iron supplement is necessary in pregnancy women to fulfill there on increase demand along with being a source of hemoglobin for growing foetus. If not supplemented adequately will give rise to IDA.

Major reason behind occurrence of IDA are: 

• Less iron consumption
• Chronic haemorrhagia
• Malabsorption
• High iron demand during infancy, adolescence, pregnancy,or lactation
• Chronic blood loss during monthly menstruation
• Gastro intestinal ulcer cancer cancer haemorrhagia
• Medication that bind with iron and inpair its absorbed are antacid.

Sign and symptoms of iron deficiency anaemia.

In the early stage of iron deficiency anaemia the symptoms are too mild to be noticed.

1. Extreme fatigue
2. Weakness 
3. pale skin 
4. chest pain 
5. fast heartbeat
6.  breathlessness 
7. headache dizziness or light headedness
8. Cold the hands and feet
9. Brittle nails
10. Tongue inflammation
11. Craving for Non-nutritive item ( ice dirt or starch) 
12. Poor appetite in infants and children,

Diagnosis of iron deficiency anaemia 

RBC size and colours: In iron deficiency anaemia patient the RBC Becomes comparatively smaller and paler in colour.

1. Heamatocrit: the percentage of blood volume occupied by the RBC is termed.Heamatocrit.The normal value of range between 34 - 44% in women and 38.8 to 50%. In man. However the value may be change with individuals age.
2. Hemoglobin,: anemia indicate low hemoglobin level.The normal hemoglobin value range between 13.5 to 27.5 gm / dL of blood in men and 12 to 15.5 gm/ dL in women.In  children the normal range varies  as per the age and sex.
3. Ferritin: it is a protein rich supports iron storage in the body hence less ferritin content determine a low level of stored iron.

Diagnosis test

1. Endoscopy. ; bleeding from hi-tal hernia or a stomach ulcer is diagnosed by endoscopy,in which a thin, lighted tube with a video camera is fed into the stomach by esophageal. This enables the doctor to visualise the source of bleeding within the stomach.
2. Colonoscopy: the causes of bleeding in the lower intestinal region can be determine by colonoscopy in which thin, flexible tube with a camera fed to the colon through the rectum after making the patient unconscious. This enables the doctor to visualize the source of bleeding within a colon and rectum.
3. UltraSound:  pelvic ultrasound in women is performed determine the causes of excessive maturation bleeding, like uterine Fibrosis.

Treatment of iron deficiency anaemia : 

  After determining the causes behind the development of anaemia iron replacement therapy is started.

The preferred treatment involves oral formulation of iron or a combination of iron with ascorbic acid. 

Parental and administration  of iron is suited when the patient is non complaint with oral dose, requires more iron than can be administered orally has malabsorption causing less iron absorption, or needs maximum hemoglobin regeneration rate.

I.V infusion on supplement iron are painless

And fulfill demand with fever injection they are preferred over intra muscles injection anaemia pregnant women and early patient should we administered with a total dose infusion of iron dextran in normal saline solution for 8 hours and I.V test dose(0.5 ml) is initially administered to reduce the risk of an allergic reactions.