What is Osteoporosis and cause,sign & symptoms

 What is Osteoporosis 

An imbalance between new bone formation and all the bone reabsorption lead to osteoporosis.

The body either fails to form enough new bone or reabsorbs too much old bone or both.

Calcium and phosphate are the minerals utilised by the body for normal bone formation the calcium is also required for normal functioning of heart , brain and other organs therefore the calcium reabsorbs by the body is store in the bones to maintain blood calcium level.

Image of osteoporosis 

If an individual  does not intake enough daitary calcium or the body fail to absorb calcium from the diet insufficient amount formation of bone and bone tissue are affected this resulting in weakening of bones making them fragile and brittle.

Bone loss occurs over an extended period of year, and before an individual find out about the disease he get a bone fracture by this time the disease has be reached it advance stage kaching the serious damage.

Causes of osteoporosis

The main cause of osteoporosis is deficiency of estrogen in females and androgen in males.Osteoporosis is is more common in female holder than 60 years then in male of the same age.

The women of this age inadequate intake of calcium and vitamin D , lack of waight bearing exercise and age related changes in endocrine function.

Sign and symptoms

1. Back pain due to a fractured or collapsed vertebra
2. Loss of weight over time
3. A stooped posture
4. Easy bone fracture 
5. Body balanced
6. Fatigue

Diagnosis of osteoporosis 

Fracture each the first clinical warning of both primary and secondary osteoporosis

After a fall or accident trauma the proximal femur disturb forearm fracture.and is coformed by pain at these site and radiography studies on the other hand vertibre fracture occurs after a mild trauma result in several pain and this condition may be a asymptomatic.

The most common used diagnostic procedure is the radionuclide bone scan used to evaluate pain associated with osteoporosis. 

The major determine of fracture is the amount of bone mass and it is determined bhai a non invasive technique involving the diagnosis evaluation of responsible to the followed.

Plan of treatment

Preferably prescribed the osteoporosis medication for increase the risk of fracture in both male or female are bisphosphonate salt .e.g (alendonate, risedronate, inbandronate and zoledronic)

Hormone related air flow : oestrogen threpy should be started just after menopause to maintain bone density.

Oestrogen therapy increase the risk of blood clot, endometrial  cancer and heart disease it should be used in younger female or females required treatment for their menopausal symptoms.

Raloxifene produce effect similar to death of estrogen it so positive effect on the bone density of postmenopausal women. This drug also reduce the risk of breast cancer.

 Testosterone replacement therapy

Some madecine

• Denosumab.
• Teriparatide